Quick Answer
Heart chakra healing involves opening Anahata, your fourth energy centre, through meditation, breathwork, yoga backbends, crystal work, and emotional processing. The HeartMath Institute's 400+ peer-reviewed studies confirm that emotions like love and gratitude create measurably coherent heart rhythms, while rose quartz, green aventurine, and emerald are the traditional stones for heart-centred healing.
Table of Contents
- Understanding Anahata: The Unstruck Sound
- The Science of the Heart Centre
- Signs of a Blocked Heart Chakra
- Signs of an Open Heart Chakra
- Heart Chakra Meditation Practices
- Cardiac Coherence Training
- Yoga for Heart Opening
- Crystals for Heart Chakra Healing
- Emotional Healing and Forgiveness Work
- Rudolf Steiner and the Etheric Heart
- Building a Daily Heart Practice
- Frequently Asked Questions
Key Takeaways
- Heart-brain highway: The heart sends more signals to the brain than the brain sends to the heart, influencing emotion, memory, and perception through neurological, hormonal, biophysical, and electromagnetic pathways
- Measurable coherence: The HeartMath Institute's 400+ peer-reviewed studies show that feelings of love and gratitude create ordered, sine-wave heart rhythms, while stress creates chaotic patterns, providing a scientific parallel to the yogic concept of Anahata
- Anahata means unstruck: The Sanskrit name for the heart chakra refers to a sound that arises without two objects striking each other, pointing to the self-generating nature of love that needs no external cause
- Bridge chakra: As the fourth of seven primary chakras, Anahata bridges the lower three (physical, emotional, personal power) with the upper three (expression, intuition, spiritual connection), making it central to balanced development
- Steiner's etheric heart: Rudolf Steiner described the heart not as a pump but as a perception organ, teaching that humans develop an etheric heart that carries karmic records and serves as an organ of spiritual sight
Place your hand over the centre of your chest. Feel the rhythmic pulse beneath your fingers. That steady beat has been with you since roughly three weeks after conception, when your heart began contracting before your brain had formed enough to direct it. The heart is the first functioning organ, and in many traditions, it is also the most spiritually significant one.
In the yogic chakra system, Anahata sits at the centre of the seven primary energy centres, bridging the earthly concerns of the lower three chakras with the spiritual dimensions of the upper three. Its Sanskrit name means "unstruck" or "unhurt," referring to a cosmic sound that arises spontaneously, without any external impact. This name carries a teaching: the love that flows through an open heart is not caused by anything outside you. It is self-generating, like the heartbeat itself.
Modern science is now discovering what yogis, mystics, and poets have described for millennia. The heart is far more than a pump. It is an electromagnetic broadcasting station, a hormone-producing gland, and a sophisticated information-processing centre that communicates directly with the brain through at least four distinct pathways. Understanding how these scientific findings connect with traditional heart chakra teachings creates a richer, more grounded approach to healing.
Understanding Anahata: The Unstruck Sound
The heart chakra is the fourth of the seven primary chakras described in the tantric traditions of Hinduism and Buddhism. Located at the centre of the chest, slightly to the right of the anatomical heart, it is associated with the colour green (and sometimes pink), the element of air, the sense of touch, and the bija mantra YAM.
In the traditional iconography from texts like the Sat-Cakra-Nirupana (1577 CE), Anahata is depicted as a lotus with twelve petals, each inscribed with a Sanskrit syllable representing twelve qualities or vrittis: bliss, peace, harmony, love, understanding, empathy, clarity, purity, unity, compassion, kindness, and forgiveness. The twelve petals correspond to twelve aspects of the heart that develop as this centre opens.
The element of air is significant. Air is invisible yet present everywhere. It touches everything without grasping. It moves freely between inner and outer worlds, just as the breath crosses the boundary between voluntary and involuntary nervous function. Love, at its highest expression, shares these qualities: present everywhere, touching without possessing, flowing freely between self and other.
Anahata governs not only romantic love but all forms of heart connection: compassion, empathy, forgiveness, self-acceptance, grief, devotion, and the capacity to give and receive. When this centre is balanced, relationships feel natural and nourishing. When it is blocked or wounded, patterns of isolation, codependency, jealousy, or emotional numbness emerge.
The Science of the Heart Centre
The HeartMath Institute, founded in 1991, has conducted over three decades of research into the heart's role in human physiology, cognition, and emotion. Their findings fundamentally challenge the conventional view that the heart is merely a mechanical pump.
The heart generates the body's most powerful electromagnetic field, approximately 60 times greater in amplitude than the brain's electrical field and detectable by magnetometers several feet from the body. This field changes measurably with emotional states. When a person feels love, gratitude, or compassion, the heart's rhythm becomes smooth, ordered, and sine-wave-like. HeartMath researchers call this state "cardiac coherence." When the same person feels anger, frustration, or anxiety, the rhythm becomes erratic, jagged, and disordered (McCraty et al., 2009).
Perhaps most surprisingly, the heart sends more neural signals to the brain than the brain sends to the heart. This communication travels through four distinct pathways:
- Neurological: Via the vagus nerve and spinal column afferent neurons. The heart has its own intrinsic nervous system, sometimes called the "heart brain," containing approximately 40,000 sensory neurons.
- Biochemical: The heart produces hormones including atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), which affects blood vessels, kidneys, adrenal glands, and brain regulatory regions, and oxytocin, the "bonding hormone" typically associated with the brain.
- Biophysical: Each heartbeat creates a pressure wave that travels through the arterial system, influencing brain activity through baroreceptor stimulation.
- Electromagnetic: The heart's electromagnetic field encodes information about emotional states and can be detected and decoded by other people's nervous systems in close proximity.
The Heart's Electromagnetic Field
The heart's electromagnetic field is the largest rhythmic energy field produced by the human body. Measured by SQUID-based magnetometers, it extends several feet in all directions from the body. When two people are in close physical proximity, one person's heartbeat signal can be detected in the other person's brainwaves (ECG-registered in EEG). This finding suggests a biophysical mechanism for the intuitive sense of "feeling" another person's emotional state, something that heart chakra traditions have described for centuries as the empathic capacity of an open Anahata.
Signs of a Blocked Heart Chakra
Heart chakra blockages typically develop as protective responses to emotional pain. After experiences of betrayal, loss, abandonment, or rejection, the energetic heart contracts as a form of self-defence. While this protection may serve a purpose initially, chronic heart closure creates its own form of suffering.
Emotional signs: Difficulty trusting others. Fear of intimacy or vulnerability. Holding grudges long past the original event. Jealousy or possessiveness in relationships. Emotional numbness or feeling "nothing." Codependency (defining yourself through another person's needs). Inability to forgive, including yourself. Cynicism about love or human goodness. People-pleasing at the expense of your own needs.
Physical signs: Chronic chest tightness or constriction. Upper back and shoulder tension. Shallow breathing restricted to the upper chest. Poor circulation, especially in the hands. Frequent respiratory infections. Heart palpitations connected to anxiety. Hunched or collapsed posture (protective rounding of the shoulders).
Relational signs: Attracting partners who are emotionally unavailable. Repeating the same relationship patterns across different partners. Difficulty maintaining close friendships. Feeling like an outsider even in groups. Giving too much or withholding completely, with no middle ground.
Signs of an Open Heart Chakra
An open heart chakra does not mean you never feel pain. It means you feel everything fully, including pain, without closing down. The open heart is not naive or unprotected. It is resilient, flexible, and courageous in the original sense of the word (from the Latin "cor," meaning heart).
Emotional signs: Capacity for genuine empathy without losing yourself. Ability to forgive without condoning harmful behaviour. Self-compassion that does not depend on external validation. Gratitude that arises naturally, not as an obligation. Comfort with vulnerability. Healthy boundaries that honour both your needs and others'. Emotional resilience after setbacks.
Physical signs: Easy, diaphragmatic breathing. Open chest and upright posture. Warm hands (indicating good circulation). Strong immune function. Healthy blood pressure. Consistent energy throughout the day.
Relational signs: Attracting relationships that feel balanced and nourishing. Ability to be alone without loneliness and together without losing yourself. Genuine delight in others' happiness. Natural generosity that does not lead to depletion. Deep listening skills.
Heart Chakra Meditation Practices
Meditation is the foundational practice for heart chakra healing because it directly engages attention and emotion, the two elements that shape the heart's electromagnetic coherence pattern.
Anahata Dharana (Heart Concentration): Sit comfortably with your spine upright. Close your eyes and bring your full attention to the centre of your chest. Visualize a soft green or pink light glowing there, expanding slightly with each inhale and radiating warmth with each exhale. If thoughts arise, gently return attention to the heart space. Practise for 10 to 20 minutes. This simple concentration practice trains the nervous system to associate the heart centre with awareness rather than habitual inattention.
Metta Bhavana (Loving-Kindness Meditation): This Buddhist practice systematically cultivates compassion in expanding circles. Begin by directing love toward yourself: "May I be happy. May I be healthy. May I be safe. May I live with ease." Then extend these wishes to a loved one, a neutral person, a difficult person, and finally all beings. Research from the University of Wisconsin-Madison found that regular metta meditation increased positive emotions, reduced depression symptoms, and strengthened social connectedness (Fredrickson et al., 2008).
Heart Breathing Meditation (10 Minutes)
- Sit comfortably and close your eyes. Place your right hand over your heart centre
- Breathe slowly and deeply, imagining the breath flowing in and out through the heart area
- On each inhale, silently say "I receive love." On each exhale, "I give love"
- After 5 minutes, drop the words and rest in the feeling they have created
- For the final 2 minutes, extend this feeling outward, imagining it radiating from your chest in all directions
This practice combines HeartMath coherence principles with traditional heart chakra meditation. The hand placement activates somatosensory attention to the heart area, and the breath-phrases generate the positive emotional tone that creates cardiac coherence.
Cardiac Coherence Training
Cardiac coherence represents one of the most compelling intersections of science and spirituality. The HeartMath Institute discovered that when people deliberately generate feelings of appreciation, care, or compassion while breathing rhythmically, their heart rhythm pattern shifts from erratic to smooth and sine-wave-like. This coherent state produces measurable benefits:
- Increased cognitive function, including improved attention, memory, and problem-solving
- Reduced cortisol and increased DHEA (the anti-ageing hormone)
- Improved immune function (increased secretory IgA)
- Better emotional self-regulation and reduced reactivity
- Enhanced communication between the heart and brain
The technique is straightforward. Breathe at approximately 5 to 7 breaths per minute (about 5 seconds inhale, 5 seconds exhale) while focusing attention on the heart area and generating a genuine feeling of appreciation, gratitude, or love. The combination of slow rhythmic breathing and positive emotion creates the coherence pattern. Breathing alone produces some benefit, and positive emotion alone produces some benefit, but together they create a synergistic effect that is stronger than either component alone (McCraty and Zayas, 2014).
This finding has a profound implication for heart chakra understanding. It suggests that the yogic teaching about Anahata, that the heart vibrates at a particular frequency when love is present, is not merely metaphorical. Cardiac coherence may be the measurable physiological signature of what yogis have called an open heart chakra for thousands of years.
Yoga for Heart Opening
In the physical body, heart chakra closure often manifests as a collapsed chest, rounded shoulders, and tension in the thoracic spine and intercostal muscles. Yoga backbends directly address these postural patterns, creating physical space in the chest cavity that supports energetic opening.
Gentle heart openers (start here):
- Marjaryasana-Bitilakasana (Cat-Cow): This flowing spine mobilization alternates between chest opening (Cow) and chest rounding (Cat), gently releasing tension in the thoracic spine. Coordinate movement with breath: inhale into Cow (heart lifting), exhale into Cat (spine rounding). 10 to 15 rounds.
- Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose): Lying prone, place hands beneath shoulders and lift the chest using back muscles (not arm strength). Keep the shoulders away from the ears. Hold for 5 breaths, rest, and repeat 3 times.
- Setu Bandhasana (Bridge Pose): Lying supine with knees bent, press feet into the floor and lift the hips. Interlace the hands beneath the back and press the arms down to open the chest further. Hold for 5 to 8 breaths.
Intermediate heart openers:
- Ustrasana (Camel Pose): Kneeling with thighs vertical, place hands on the lower back and lean the heart toward the ceiling. For deeper expression, reach hands to the heels. This pose creates significant thoracic extension and emotional intensity. Hold for 3 to 5 breaths.
- Matsyasana (Fish Pose): Lying supine, slide hands under the hips and press the forearms down to lift the chest. The crown of the head rests lightly on the floor. This pose opens both the heart chakra and the throat chakra simultaneously.
Emotional Releases in Heart-Opening Yoga
Deep backbends frequently trigger emotional responses, from tears to laughter to waves of grief or joy. This is normal and healthy. The chest and diaphragm hold patterns of emotional armouring (a concept developed by Wilhelm Reich), and physical opening can release stored feelings. If this happens during practice, keep breathing, allow the emotions to move through without analysing them, and rest in Child's Pose (Balasana) afterward to integrate the experience. Forcing deeper backbends before you are ready can create emotional overwhelm, so progress gradually.
Crystals for Heart Chakra Healing
The traditional correspondence between green and pink stones and the heart chakra reflects the colour associations documented in tantric texts. Green represents the healing, renewing quality of heart energy (like spring growth), while pink represents the tender, nurturing quality (like the warmth of affection).
| Crystal | Colour | Primary Quality | Best Used For |
|---|---|---|---|
| Rose Quartz | Soft pink | Unconditional love, self-compassion | Self-love, grief, emotional softening |
| Green Aventurine | Green with sparkle | Emotional calm, renewal | New beginnings, heart opening, optimism |
| Emerald | Deep green | Deep heart activation, truth | Committed relationships, loyalty, honesty |
| Rhodonite | Pink with black veins | Emotional balance, forgiveness | Trauma processing, self-worth, boundaries |
| Malachite | Banded green | Transformation, pattern-breaking | Breaking old patterns, emotional courage |
| Green Jade | Green, translucent | Harmony, balance, wisdom | Emotional maturity, peaceful relationships |
How to use heart chakra crystals:
The simplest method is to lie down and place a rose quartz directly over the heart centre for 10 to 20 minutes, breathing slowly and allowing whatever feelings arise. For deeper work, create a crystal grid using a rose quartz at the centre, surrounded by four green aventurine stones at the cardinal points, with a clear quartz at the top to amplify the field. The Heart Chakra Crystal Set provides a curated combination specifically selected for Anahata healing.
Wearing heart chakra stones as necklaces positions them near the chest, maintaining subtle energetic contact throughout the day. A rose quartz sphere on a bedside table creates a gentle heart-supportive energy in the sleep environment.
Emotional Healing and Forgiveness Work
Heart chakra healing ultimately requires emotional courage. The physical practices, crystals, and meditation techniques all create conditions that support emotional processing, but they cannot substitute for it. At some point, genuine healing requires facing the pain that caused the heart to close.
Forgiveness is often the most challenging and most essential part of heart chakra work. This does not mean condoning harmful behaviour or reconciling with people who are unsafe. Forgiveness, in the heart chakra context, means releasing the emotional charge that binds you to past events. As the Buddhist teacher Jack Kornfield describes it, forgiveness is "giving up all hope of a better past."
The Ho'oponopono Practice: This Hawaiian healing tradition uses four simple phrases directed toward the person or situation that caused pain: "I'm sorry. Please forgive me. Thank you. I love you." The practice works not by absolving the other person but by shifting your own internal relationship to the wound. Many practitioners find that repeating these phrases during heart-centred meditation gradually dissolves resentment that years of intellectual processing could not touch.
The Unfinished Letter: Write a letter to someone who hurt you, expressing everything you never said. Include anger, grief, confusion, and any love that remains. Then write a letter from them to you, imagining the most healing response possible. Do not send either letter. This practice gives voice to the unspoken, completing an emotional circuit that has been left open. Burn or bury the letters as a symbolic release.
Self-Compassion as the Foundation
Research by Kristin Neff at the University of Texas has shown that self-compassion, treating yourself with the same kindness you would offer a dear friend, is more effective than self-esteem for psychological wellbeing. Self-esteem is contingent on performance and comparison. Self-compassion is unconditional. Heart chakra healing begins with yourself. Until you can hold your own pain with tenderness, you will struggle to hold anyone else's. This is not selfishness. It is the same principle that requires you to secure your own oxygen mask before assisting others.
Rudolf Steiner and the Etheric Heart
Rudolf Steiner brought a perspective to the human heart that was ahead of the mainstream science of his era and resonates remarkably with contemporary HeartMath research. In lectures collected as GA 212 ("The Human Heart," 1922), Steiner described the heart not as a pump that drives circulation but as a sense organ that perceives the blood's movement, much as the eye perceives light.
This view was dismissed by conventional medicine for decades but has gained unexpected support. The discovery of the heart's intrinsic nervous system (approximately 40,000 neurons that operate independently of the brain), its hormone production, and its electromagnetic information broadcasting all suggest that the heart is indeed far more than a muscular pump.
Steiner's most distinctive teaching concerned the "etheric heart," a supersensible organ that develops over the course of a lifetime. In his framework, the etheric heart is built from the experiences of thinking, feeling, and willing, and it carries the imprint of karmic deeds from past incarnations. He described it as "an image of the outer universe," suggesting that the etheric heart reflects the spiritual structure of the cosmos in miniature.
The Etheric Heart as a Perception Organ
According to Ruth Haertl's study of Steiner's indications, the etheric heart develops as a new organ of spiritual perception through the practice of "sense-free thinking," contemplation that does not depend on sensory input. Steiner taught that since 1721, the connection between the physical heart and its etheric counterpart has been progressively loosening, a process that will be complete by approximately 2100. This separation means that humans must now consciously reconnect the etheric heart to the spiritual world through transformed thinking and feeling, rather than relying on the old instinctive connection. Heart chakra practices, viewed through this lens, are not merely about emotional healing but about developing a new organ of consciousness.
Steiner's six supplementary exercises (control of thinking, control of will, equanimity, positivity, open-mindedness, and harmonious balance) were specifically designed to support the etheric heart's development. The exercise of equanimity, maintaining inner balance regardless of external circumstances, directly parallels the yogic description of Anahata as the "unstruck" centre that generates its own harmony independent of outer conditions.
Building a Daily Heart Practice
Consistency matters more than intensity for heart chakra healing. A gentle 10-minute daily practice produces more lasting change than an occasional intensive session. Here is a framework you can adapt to your schedule and preferences.
Morning (5 minutes): Upon waking, before reaching for your phone, place your hand on your heart and take 10 slow breaths. With each inhale, feel gratitude for something specific (your health, a relationship, the morning light). With each exhale, set an intention to keep your heart open through the day's challenges.
Midday (2 minutes): During a natural pause in your day, practise the HeartMath Quick Coherence technique. Focus attention on the heart area, breathe at 5-second intervals, and recall a genuine feeling of appreciation. This resets your autonomic nervous system and prevents the accumulative stress that leads to heart closure by evening.
Evening (5-10 minutes): Before sleep, practise the heart breathing meditation described above, or lie with a rose quartz on your chest for 10 minutes. Review the day without judgement, noticing moments when your heart opened and moments when it contracted. Hold both with equal compassion.
Weekly (30-60 minutes): Dedicate one longer session to deeper heart chakra work: a yoga practice focused on backbends, a crystal grid meditation, a forgiveness practice, or journalling about relationship patterns.
Allow the practice to evolve. What your heart needs in January may differ from what it needs in July. Trust the intelligence of the heart centre itself to guide you toward the practices that serve your healing at each stage.
The Courage of the Open Heart
The word "courage" comes from the Latin "cor," meaning heart. True courage is not the absence of fear but the willingness to remain open when everything in you wants to close. Every time you choose to forgive rather than harden, to trust after betrayal, to love knowing that loss is possible, you are practising the highest form of heart chakra healing there is. Your heart knows how to do this. It has been beating faithfully since before you were born, without being asked, without conditions. Trust it. It has been waiting for your attention.
The Chakras: A Monograph by Leadbeater, C. W.
View on AmazonAffiliate link, your purchase supports Thalira at no extra cost.
Frequently Asked Questions
What does a blocked heart chakra feel like?
A blocked heart chakra often manifests as emotional numbness, difficulty trusting others, fear of intimacy, holding grudges, jealousy, codependency, or feeling disconnected from others. Physical symptoms may include chest tightness, upper back pain, shallow breathing, poor circulation, and low immune function. Many people describe it as feeling like an invisible wall around their heart, where they can observe emotions intellectually but cannot fully feel or express them.
How long does it take to heal the heart chakra?
Heart chakra healing is an ongoing process rather than a fixed timeline. Some people notice shifts within days of beginning a consistent practice, while deep-seated patterns from grief, betrayal, or childhood wounds may take months or years to fully process. The HeartMath Institute research shows measurable changes in cardiac coherence within a single session, suggesting that physiological shifts begin immediately even when emotional healing requires longer timelines.
Can heart chakra healing help with grief?
Yes. Heart chakra practices are particularly well-suited for grief because they work with both the emotional and physiological dimensions of loss. Grief activates the sympathetic nervous system and can create chronic chest tension. Heart-centred breathing, loving-kindness meditation, and gentle yoga backbends help release this physical tension while creating a safe container for emotional processing. Rose quartz is traditionally used as a grief support stone for its gentle, nurturing energy.
What crystals are best for heart chakra healing?
The primary heart chakra crystals are rose quartz (unconditional love, self-compassion, emotional healing), green aventurine (emotional calm, heart opening, new beginnings), emerald (deep heart activation, loyalty, truth in relationships), rhodonite (emotional balance, forgiveness, processing trauma), and malachite (transformation, breaking old patterns, emotional courage). Green and pink stones correspond to Anahata's colour frequency. For beginners, rose quartz is the gentlest starting point.
Is the heart chakra connected to physical heart health?
While the chakra system is an energetic rather than anatomical model, there are meaningful parallels. The HeartMath Institute has published over 400 peer-reviewed studies showing that emotional states directly affect heart rhythm patterns. Positive emotions like love and gratitude create coherent, ordered heart rhythms, while stress and anger create chaotic patterns. Chronic emotional stress is a recognized cardiovascular risk factor, so practices that improve emotional wellbeing may support physical heart health indirectly.
What yoga poses open the heart chakra?
The most effective heart-opening yoga poses include Ustrasana (Camel Pose), Bhujangasana (Cobra Pose), Matsyasana (Fish Pose), Setu Bandhasana (Bridge Pose), Urdhva Dhanurasana (Wheel Pose), and Marjaryasana-Bitilakasana (Cat-Cow). These backbends physically expand the chest cavity, stretch the intercostal muscles, and decompress the thoracic spine. Start with gentle backbends like Cobra before progressing to deeper poses like Camel or Wheel.
What is cardiac coherence and how does it relate to the heart chakra?
Cardiac coherence is a measurable physiological state where heart rhythm patterns become smooth, ordered, and sine-wave-like. The HeartMath Institute discovered that deliberately generating feelings of love, gratitude, or compassion produces this coherent pattern, while negative emotions create erratic rhythms. This scientific finding parallels the yogic teaching that Anahata (meaning "unstruck" or "unhurt") represents the pure, harmonious vibration at the heart centre. Cardiac coherence may be the physiological signature of an open heart chakra.
How does the heart send signals to the brain?
The heart sends more signals to the brain than the brain sends to the heart, through four pathways: neurological (vagus nerve and spinal column), biochemical (hormones like ANF and oxytocin), biophysical (pulse wave), and electromagnetic (the heart's electromagnetic field is 60 times greater in amplitude than the brain's). These signals influence emotional processing, attention, perception, memory, and problem-solving. The heart is not simply a pump but a sophisticated information-processing centre.
What did Rudolf Steiner teach about the heart?
Rudolf Steiner described the heart as primarily an organ of perception rather than a mere pump. He taught that humans develop an etheric heart, which is an image of the outer universe and serves as an organ of spiritual perception. In GA 212 (The Human Heart, 1922), he explained that the physical heart perceives the inner blood circulation just as the eye perceives light. He also taught that karmic records are inscribed in the etheric heart, and that developing sense-free thinking activates the heart as a supersensible perception organ.
Can you heal your heart chakra on your own?
Yes, many heart chakra practices are suitable for solo practice, including heart-centred meditation, crystal work, journalling, yoga backbends, time in nature (especially forests and gardens), and self-compassion exercises. However, if you are processing significant trauma, betrayal, or deep grief, working with a therapist, energy healer, or trained facilitator provides important safety and support. The heart chakra is deeply connected to relationship wounds, which sometimes heal best within the context of a trusted therapeutic relationship.
Sources and References
- McCraty, R., Atkinson, M., Tomasino, D., and Bradley, R.T. (2009). The Coherent Heart: Heart-Brain Interactions, Psychophysiological Coherence, and the Emergence of System-Wide Order. Integral Review, 5(2), 10-115.
- McCraty, R. and Zayas, M.A. (2014). Cardiac coherence, self-regulation, autonomic stability, and psychosocial well-being. Frontiers in Psychology, 5, 1090.
- Fredrickson, B.L., Cohn, M.A., Coffey, K.A., Pek, J., and Finkel, S.M. (2008). Open hearts build lives: Positive emotions, induced through loving-kindness meditation, build consequential personal resources. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 95(5), 1045-1062.
- Neff, K.D. (2011). Self-Compassion: The Proven Power of Being Kind to Yourself. William Morrow.
- Steiner, R. (1922). The Human Heart (GA 212). Rudolf Steiner Archive.
- Haertl, R. A Study of the Formation of a New Etheric Heart Organ. Rudolf Steiner Archive.