Mechanization of Spirit, Vegetarization of Soul, Animalization of Body in Anthroposophy

Glossary Anthroposophy 4 min read
Mechanization of Spirit, Vegetarization of Soul, Animalization of Body n.

Steiner's 1919 name for the threefold decay that follows when a social order denies the spirit: spirit mechanized, soul dulled, body left to instinct.

Mechanization of Spirit, Vegetarization of Soul, Animalization of Body in Anthroposophy is Rudolf Steiner's threefold diagnosis of what happens to a civilization that dogmatically abolishes the spirit in its public life. He gave the formula (Mechanisierung des Geistes, Vegetarisierung der Seele, Animalisierung des Leibes) in the eleventh lecture of Geisteswissenschaftliche Behandlung sozialer und pädagogischer Fragen, GA 192, delivered in Stuttgart on 29 June 1919. Each member of the human being decays in its own way. Spirit is mechanized when free spiritual life is absorbed into the state and schooling becomes administration. Soul is vegetarized when the living sense of right is dulled and replaced by state bookkeeping. Body is animalized when the most savage instincts are unleashed and called natural. Steiner read the emerging Soviet order as the extreme case, and offered the threefold social organism, with a self-governing spiritual life, as the counter-measure. Read today, it names the drift by which education, law, and bodily life each lose their own governing principle.

Mechanization of Spirit, Vegetarization of Soul, Animalization of Body is a single formula, not three separate warnings. Steiner spoke it in Stuttgart in the summer of 1919, while the Threefold Commonwealth campaign was at its height, to describe what a materialist social order does to the human being it administers. The three losses arrive together, because the three members hang together.

What lives today in Russian Leninism is the continuation of the spirit that dogmatically abolished the spirit at the Ecumenical Council of Constantinople in the year 869. This must be seen through. And what rises up against it out of a truly democratic-social spirit is what counts on the real progress of humanity. For this most reactionary thing wants, even if it is not aware of it, the mechanization of the spirit, the vegetarianization of the soul, the animalization of the bodily instincts, which would express themselves more and more in the views of blood.

Rudolf Steiner, Geisteswissenschaftliche Behandlung sozialer und pädagogischer Fragen (GA 192, eleventh lecture, Stuttgart, 29 June 1919)

Hannah Arendt worked the same ground from the other side. In The Origins of Totalitarianism (1951) she argued that total domination aims less at killing people than at making them superfluous, reducing living persons to reliable bundles of reaction. In Eichmann in Jerusalem (1963) she followed the argument to a single desk, where a functionary organized deportations as a filing problem and could not, under questioning, produce one thought of his own. Arendt named the defect thoughtlessness, and the faculty that had gone missing, judging, she was still writing about when she died in 1975. Steiner, forty-four years earlier and in a different vocabulary, had called the same loss the vegetarization of the soul: the sense of right dulled, then replaced by the bookkeeping of a state that only appears to be socialized.

Thalira synthesis: Arendt diagnoses the desk, Steiner diagnoses the whole organism, and holding both together tells you where to look next, because a soul that has stopped judging is flanked by a spiritual life handed to an administrator and a body told its instincts are simply nature. Neither treats this as personal weakness, but as what an institution of a certain shape makes of ordinary people. Steiner's test is institutional rather than moral: ask of any school, court, or workplace whether its spiritual life governs itself, whether its sense of right is still exercised by living people, and whether its bodily life is disciplined by anything other than appetite.

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