Thinkers, Mystics & Historical Figures

Glossary Collection · 10 Terms

Steiner's spiritual-scientific reading of philosophers, mystics and historical figures: Nietzsche and the German idealists, the Christian mystics, and the modern minds who shaped the age. Part of Thalira's Anthroposophical Glossary of 673 terms, and companion to the in-depth guide Anthroposophy.

Critical Idealism

The doctrine that the world is only my mental picture, which Steiner refutes in The Philosophy of Freedom as a half-finished thought that contradicts itself.

Friedrich Nietzsche

The philosopher Steiner read, met, and served at the Nietzsche Archive, calling him a fighter against his time and a tragic soul of the scientific age.

Friedrich Schiller

The German poet whom Steiner read as a forerunner of spiritual science, his Aesthetic Letters charting beauty as the realm where the human being becomes free.

German Idealism

The Fichte, Schelling, and Hegel stream of thought that Steiner read as the German folk spirit reaching the spirit through pure thinking, the germ of anthroposophy.

Hegel

For Steiner, Hegel is the supreme school of disciplined thinking, the training a student of spiritual science needs so that untrained thought does no harm.

Johann Gottlieb Fichte

The German Idealist philosopher Steiner reads as a pre-stage of spiritual science, whose ego-philosophy grasped the self-positing I before clairvoyance could verify it.

Novalis

Steiner's reading of the Romantic poet Friedrich von Hardenberg as a poet-seer and herald of the Christ-impulse, whose grief became spiritual sight.

Schiller's Aesthetic Letters

Schiller's account of an aesthetic middle state between sense and reason where the human being first becomes free, which Steiner reads as a doorway to spiritual knowledge.

The Forgotten Stream in German Spiritual Life

Steiner's name for the lost lineage of post-idealist thinkers who reached toward knowledge of a supersensible human being and so anticipated anthroposophy.

The Superman

Steiner's reading of Nietzsche's superman: the self-determined, life-affirming human who finds a higher existence in reality, not in any world beyond.